|
Marshall Field and Company Building or Macy's at State Street, in Chicago, Illinois, was the flagship location of the Marshall Field's chain of department stores and, since 2006, is the main Chicago location of the Macy's chain. The building is located in the Chicago Loop community area in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and it takes up the entire city block bounded clockwise from the west by North State Street, East Randolph Street, North Wabash Avenue, and East Washington Street.〔 Marshall Field's established numerous important business firsts in this building,〔 and it is regarded as one of the three most influential establishments in the nationwide development of the department store. Both the building name and the name of the stores formerly headquartered at this building changed names on September 9, 2006 as a result of the merger of the May Department Stores (Marshall Field's former parent) with the Federated Department Stores which led to the integration of the Marshall Field's stores into the Macy's retailing network. The building, which is the second largest store in the world,〔 was both declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 2, 1978,〔〔〔 and 〕 and it was designated a Chicago Landmark on November 1, 2005. The building architecture is known for its multiple atria and for having been built in stages over the course of more than two decades.〔 Its ornamentation includes a Tiffany & Co. mosaic ceiling and a pair of well-known outdoor clocks, which serve as symbols of the store.〔 ==Business history== (詳細はMarshall Field & Company (nicknamed Marshall Field's) from 1881 until 2006, the store has had five different names since its inception in 1852 as P. Palmer & Co.〔 In 1868, after bowing out of involvement in day-to-day operations with his new partners of Field, Palmer & Leiter, Potter Palmer convinced Marshall Field and Levi Leiter to move the Field, Leiter & Co. store to a building Palmer owned on State Street at the corner of Washington Street. After being consumed by the Great Chicago Fire and splitting the wholesale business from the retail operations, the store resumed operations at State and Washington in a building leased from the Singer Sewing Machine Company. In 1877 another fire consumed this building, and when a new Singer Building was built to replace it at the same location in 1879, Field purchased it. The business has remained there ever since, and it has added four subsequent buildings to form the integrated structure that is now called the Marshall Field and Company Building.〔〔 Chicago's retailing center was State Street in the downtown Loop after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, and this center has been anchored by Marshall Field's and its predecessor companies in this building. However, commuter suburbs began to have significant retail districts by the 1920s.〔 In the 1920s, the store created new suburban locations such as Marshall Field and Company Store to remain competitive.〔 After 1950, suburban development and the Magnificent Mile reduced the role of the Loop's daily significance to many Chicagoans as downtown retail sales slipped. Eventually, there was an influx of stores from other parts of the country.〔 Nonetheless, the Marshall Field and Company Building has survived at this location. However, with the conversion to Macy's the emphasis of the store changed and store branded lines replaced many designer labels, such as Dolce & Gabbana, Prada, Miu Miu and Jimmy Choo, which led to the disassembly of several designer departments (see picture below). On September 9, 2006, at the time of the store conversion, the name of the building was officially changed to "Macy's at State Street."〔 Around the time of the conversion of Marshall Field's to Macy's the building was the location of picketing and protesting by opponents of the conversion.〔 〕 After buying out his various partners, Marshall Field founded the Marshall Field & Company corporate entity that survived 152 years and had this building constructed. The sentimental objections to the conversion that both eliminated the existence of the corporate entity bearing his name and renamed the building bearing his name were widely reported in the national media.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marshall Field and Company Building」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|